Although he never visited the continent, he was committed to the Back-to-Africa movement, arguing that part of the diaspora should migrate there. He envisioned a unified Africa as a one-party state, governed by himself, that would enact laws to ensure black racial purity. Emphasising unity between Africans and the African diaspora, he campaigned for an end to European colonial rule across Africa and advocated the political unification of the continent. In 1916, he moved to the United States and established a UNIA branch in New York City's Harlem district.
After he returned to Jamaica, he founded the UNIA in 1914. Working in Kingston, he got involved in trade unionism before he lived briefly in Costa Rica, Panama, and England. Garvey was born into a moderately prosperous Afro-Jamaican family in Saint Ann's Bay and he was apprenticed into the print trade as a teenager. Ideologically a black nationalist and Pan-Africanist, his ideas came to be known as Garveyism. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL, commonly known as UNIA), through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist.
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